Uppanar estuary
|
Name of the estuary
|
Uppanar estuary
|
|
Name of the river
|
Paravanar
|
|
Place
|
Cuddalore Old Port
|
|
District
|
Cuddalore
|
|
State
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Latitude
|
11° 42’N
|
|
Longitude
|
79° 46’E
|
|
Important landmarks
|
Port
|
|
Length
|
5 km
|
|
Width
|
30 m
|
|
Average Depth
|
350 cm
|
|
Tidal Amplitude
|
90 cm
|
|
Type of the estuary
|
Open type
|
|
Water temperature
|
31.5°C
|
|
Nature of the substratum
|
Sandy-Muddy
|
|
Salinity
|
32.32 ppt
|
|
Dissolve doxygen
|
3.18 ml/l
|
|
Commercially important shell fishes
|
Crassostrea madrasensis, Saccostrea cucullata
|
|
Commercially important flora
|
Enteromorpha compressa, Padina boergesenii, Hypnea valentiae
|
|
Industrial effluent discharges
|
SIPCOT Industrial Effluent
|
|
Sewage discharges
|
Cuddalore City Sewage
|
|
Hazardous waste dumping
|
SIPCOT Industrial Hazardous Waste
|
Image
Map
River Basin Map
Photos
Physico-chemical parameters
Monthly variations of salinity, BOD, pH, TOC, TN, TP recorded during 2001-2002 at station 1 and 2
Heavy metals concentration at station I, II, III of Uppanar estuary (Pugazhendy et al., 2008)
|
Seasons
|
Cadmium
|
Mercury
|
Lead
|
Copper
|
Zinc
|
|
SI
|
SII
|
SIII
|
SI
|
SII
|
SIII
|
SI
|
SII
|
SIII
|
SI
|
SII
|
SIII
|
SI
|
SII
|
SIII
|
|
Premonsoon (July, August, September)
|
0.13
|
1.16
|
0.83
|
0.019
|
0.121
|
0.031
|
0.90
|
1.25
|
1.18
|
2.09
|
7.93
|
6.29
|
3.10
|
18.76
|
14.81
|
|
Monsoon (October, November, December)
|
0.11
|
1.54
|
0.71
|
0.017
|
0.088
|
0.027
|
0.50
|
1.02
|
1.16
|
1.59
|
5.73
|
4.14
|
2.65
|
17.99
|
13.58
|
|
Post monsoon (January, February, March)
|
0.12
|
1.17
|
0.95
|
0.030
|
0.127
|
0.085
|
0.94
|
1.82
|
1.43
|
1.73
|
7.01
|
5.47
|
3.30
|
21.04
|
15.74
|
|
Summer (April, May, June)
|
14
|
1.99
|
1.35
|
0.039
|
0.168
|
0.099
|
1.09
|
2.48
|
2.23
|
2.99
|
8.20
|
7.33
|
4.31
|
24.08
|
21.63
|
|
Annual Average
|
0.13
|
1.37
|
0.96
|
0.026
|
0.126
|
0.061
|
0.86
|
1.64
|
1.50
|
2.10
|
7.21
|
5.80
|
3.34
|
20.46
|
16.44
|
Values are expressed in mg/1.
Bilogical entities
Cyanobacteria recorded in Uppanar estuary during April 2002 to March 2003
|
Sl. No.
|
Family
|
Species
|
Station 1
|
Station 2
|
|
1
|
Chroococcaceae
|
Microcystis littoralis [Hang.] Forti.
|
-
|
+
|
|
2
|
Chroococus tenax (Kirch) Hiron
|
+
|
+
|
|
3
|
Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carm.) Küetz
|
+
|
-
|
|
4
|
Synechococcus elongatus Näg
|
-
|
+
|
|
5
|
Oscillatoriaceae
|
Spirulina subsalsa Oerst. ex. Gomont.
|
+
|
+
|
|
6
|
Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont
|
+
|
+
|
|
7
|
O. salina Biswas
|
+
|
-
|
|
8
|
Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gomont
|
+
|
+
|
|
9
|
P. fragile (Menegh.) Gomont
|
-
|
+
|
|
10
|
Lyngbya aesturrii Liebon. ex. Gomont
|
+
|
+
|
|
11
|
Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg ex. Gomont
|
+
|
-
|
|
12
|
Nostocaceae
|
Nostoc paludosum Küetz. ex. Born. et Flah
|
-
|
+
|
|
13
|
Anabaena variabilis Küetz
|
-
|
+
|
|
14
|
A. ambiqua Rao. C.B
|
+
|
-
|
|
15
|
Cylindrospermum majus kuetz. ex Born. et Flah
|
+
|
+
|
+ = Present; - = Absent
Station 1 - SIPCOT
|
Species
|
Cd
|
Co
|
Cu
|
Fe
|
Mg
|
Mn
|
Pb
|
Zn
|
|
ppm
|
|
|
Meretrix meretrix
|
0.055 ±
|
0.037 ±
|
0.331 ±
|
12.71 ±
|
87.79 ±
|
0.929 ±
|
0.278 ±
|
1.799 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Meretrix meretrix
|
0.004 ±
|
0.006 ±
|
0.109 ±
|
4.691 ±
|
34.85 ±
|
0.274 ±
|
0.083 ±
|
3.639 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Crassostrea madrasensis madrasensis
|
0.123 ±
|
0.023 ±
|
0.311 ±
|
6.424 ±
|
128.1 ±
|
1.131 ±
|
0.285 ±
|
3.838 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Crassostrea madrasensis
|
0.002 ±
|
0.014 ±
|
0.112 ±
|
18.35 ±
|
74.56 ±
|
1.597 ±
|
0.034 ±
|
0.293 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Cerithidea cingulata
|
0.026 ±
|
0.333 ±
|
3.006 ±
|
25.65 ±
|
144.5 ±
|
22.24 ±
|
0.072 ±
|
7.769 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Cerithidea cingulata
|
0.099 ±
|
0.003 ±
|
0.102 ±
|
1.609 ±
|
13.69 ±
|
0.348 ±
|
0.070 ±
|
0.993 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
|
Sediment
|
0.005 ±
|
0.029 ±
|
0.091 ±
|
65.45 ±
|
12.05 ±
|
0.560 ±
|
0.101 ±
|
0.185 ±
|
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
0.5
|
10
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
Station 2 – Landing Centre
|
Species
|
Cd
|
Co
|
Cu
|
Fe
|
Mg
|
Mn
|
Pb
|
Zn
|
|
ppm
|
|
|
Meretrix meretrix
|
0.024 ±
|
0.016 ±
|
1.009 ±
|
5.476 ±
|
52.46 ±
|
0.978 ±
|
0.091 ±
|
13.09 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.01
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Meretrix meretrix
|
0.002 ±
|
0.003 ±
|
0.099 ±
|
2.159 ±
|
6.159 ±
|
0.164 ±
|
0.033 ±
|
0.667 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.01
|
0.01
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.251
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Crassostrea madrasensis madrasensis
|
0.014 ±
|
0.027 ±
|
0.543 ±
|
6.346 ±
|
59.36 ±
|
2.004 ±
|
0.073 ±
|
1.661 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Crassostrea madrasensis
|
0.002 ±
|
0.016 ±
|
0.158 ±
|
14.91 ±
|
71.84 ±
|
4.578 ±
|
0.032 ±
|
0.874 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Cerithidea cingulata
|
0.001 ±
|
0.006 ±
|
0.131 ±
|
9.187 ±
|
29.70 ±
|
4.638 ±
|
0.017 ±
|
0.757 ±
|
|
Tissue
|
0.0005
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Cerithidea cingulata
|
0.006 ±
|
0.069 ±
|
0.840 ±
|
9.500 ±
|
548.3 ±
|
6.188 ±
|
0.051 ±
|
1.766 ±
|
|
Shell
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
|
Sediment
|
0.003 ±
|
0.047 ±
|
0.167 ±
|
64.07 ±
|
23.75 ±
|
0.632 ±
|
0.068 ±
|
0.515 ±
|
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.05
|
2
|
5
|
0.5
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
References
Karthikeyan, R., S. Vijayalakshmi and T. Balasubramanian, 2004b. Seasonal distribution of heavy metals in the sediments from Uppanar estuary (East coast of India). Journal of Aquatic Biology, 19(2): 119–122.
Pugazhendy, K., M. Susiladevi, C. Jayanth, K. Jayachandran and V. Meenakshi, 2008. Impact of industrial pollutants on the gill of mullet fish, Mugil cephalus in the Uppanar Estuary, (SIPCOT) Cuddalore on the south east coast of India. Poll Res., 27(2): 231–236.
Kesavan, K. and V. Ravi, 2013. Heavy metal accumulation in molluscs and sediment from uppanar estuary, southeast coast of india. Thalassas, 29(2): 15–22.
Nedumaran, T. and P. Perumal, 2012. Biodiversity of cyanobacteria from Uppanar estuary, south-east coast of India. Emir. J. Food Agric, 24(3): 248–254.